تارﺎﻴﺧ
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ءﺎﻤﺳأ
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ءﺎﻤﺳﻷا
ةﺮﻴﺼﻘﻟا ﺔﻴﺼﻨﻟا ﺮﺻﺎﻨﻌﻟاو ﻒﺗاﻮﻬﻟا مﺎﻗرأ ﻦﻣ ﺔﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ عاﻮﻧأ ﻆﻔﺣ ﻚﻨﻜﳝ
.ءﺎﻤﺳﻷﺎﺑ ﺔﺻﺎﳋا ﻒﺗﺎﻬﻟا ةﺮﻛاذ ﻲﻓ ءﺎﻤﺳﻷا ﻦﻣ ﻢﺳا ﻞﻜﻟ
ﻪﻴﻟإ رﺎﺸﻳو .ﺎًﻴﻟآ ﻲﺿاﺮﺘﻓﻻا ﻢﻗﺮﻟا ﻮﻫ نﻮﻜﻴﻟ ﻪﻈﻔﺣ ﻢﺘﻳ ﻢﻗر لوأ ﻂﺒﺿ ﻢﺘﻳ
ءاﺮﺟﻹ) ءﺎﻤﺳﻷا ﻦﻣ ﻢﺳا ﺪﻳﺪﲢ ﺪﻨﻋ .( ﻞﺜﻣ) ﻢﻗﺮﻟا عﻮﻧ ﺮﺷﺆﻣ لﻮﺣ ﻊﺑﺮﲟ
ﺪﻳﺪﲢ ﻢﺘﻳ ﻢﻟ ﺎﻣ ﻲﺿاﺮﺘﻓﻻا ﻢﻗﺮﻟا ماﺪﺨﺘﺳا ﻢﺘﻳ (لﺎﺜﳌا ﻞﻴﺒﺳ ﻰﻠﻋ ﺔﳌﺎﻜﻣ
.ﺮﺧآ ﻢﻗر
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ﺔﻗﺎﻄﺒﻟاو ﻒﺗﺎﻬﻟا وأ ﻒﺗﺎﻬﻟا ﺎﻣإ ﻲﻫ ﺔﻣﺪﺨﺘﺴﳌا ةﺮﻛاﺬﻟا نأ ﻦﻣ ﺪﻛﺄﺗ .١
.٤٧ ﺔﺤﻔﺼﻟا "ﻂﺒﻀﻟا" ﺮﻈﻧا
،ﻪﻴﻟإ ﻲﺼﻧ ﺮﺼﻨﻋ وأ ﺪﻳﺪﺟ ﻢﻗر ﺔﻓﺎﺿإ ﻲﻓ ﺐﻏﺮﺗ يﺬﻟا ﻢﺳﻻا ﻰﻟإ ﻞﻘﺘﻧا .٢
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ﻞﻴﺻﺎﻔﺗ ﺔﻓﺎﺿإ
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